{"id":621,"date":"2014-09-02T08:10:16","date_gmt":"2014-09-02T08:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/?p=621"},"modified":"2021-04-22T21:48:04","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T21:48:04","slug":"logical-physical-data-flow-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/logical-physical-data-flow-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"Logical and Physical Data Flow Diagrams"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data flow diagrams are categorized as either logical or physical. A logical data flow diagram focuses on the business and how the business operates. It is not concerned with how the system will be constructed. Instead, it describes the business events that take place and the data required and produced by each event. Conversely, a physical data flow diagram shows how the system will be implemented, including the hardware, software, files, and people involved in the system. The chart shown below contrasts the features of logical and physical models. Notice that the logical model reflects the business, whereas the physical model depicts the system.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t27 {\r\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tborder-style: outset;\r\r\n    margin: 20px 0;\r\r\n\tline-height: 2.0em;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n    vertical-align: top;width: 100%;border-top: 1px solid #94DBFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;box-shadow: 0 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\r\r\n\t\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 thead tr {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 thead tr th.t27 {\r\r\n    color: #333333;\r\r\n\tbackground: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\r\r\n    font-size: 1em;\r\r\n    letter-spacing: 0;\r\r\n    line-height: 1.3;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.2em;\r\r\n    padding: 4px;\r\r\n    text-transform: none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t27 thead tr th#t27.start {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 thead tr th#t27.end {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 tbody tr {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F0FAFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 tbody tr.table-alternate {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FCFEFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 tbody tr td {\r\r\n    padding: 5px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n\tline-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tvertical-align: top;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 tbody tr td#n1 {\r\r\n\twidth: 25%;\r\r\n\t}table#t27 tbody tr td#n2 {\r\r\n\twidth: 25%;\r\r\n\t}table#t27 tbody tr td#n3 {\r\r\n\twidth: 50%;\r\r\n\t}\r\r\ntable#t27 tbody tr:hover td {\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t27 tfoot tr {\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t27 tfoot tr td {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\t\r\r\n\tpadding: 4px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n}\r\r\n<\/style><table id=\"t27\">\r\r\n\t\t<thead>\r\r\n\t\t\t<tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t27\" id=\"n1\">Design Feature<\/th><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t27\" id=\"n2\">Logical<\/th><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t27\" id=\"n3\">Physical<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\r\n\t<tbody><tr class=\"table-alternate row1\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\">What the model depicts<\/td><td id=\"n2\" >How the business operates.<\/td><td id=\"n3\" >How the system will be implemented (or how the current system operates).<\/td><\/tr><tr class= \"table-noalt row2\"><td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\">What the processes represent<\/td><td id=\"n2\" >Business activities.<\/td><td id=\"n3\" >Programs, program modules, and manual procedures.<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"table-alternate row3\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\">What the data stores represent<\/td><td id=\"n2\" >Collections of data regardless of how the data are stored.<\/td><td id=\"n3\" >Physical files and databases, manual files.<\/td><\/tr><tr class= \"table-noalt row4\"><td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\">Type of data stores<\/td><td id=\"n2\" >Show data stores representing permanent data collections.<\/td><td id=\"n3\" >Master files, transition files. Any processes that operate at two different times must be connected by a data store.<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"table-alternate row5\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\">System controls<\/td><td id=\"n2\" >Show business controls.<\/td><td id=\"n3\" >Show controls for validating input data, for obtaining a record (record found status), for ensuring successful completion of a process, and for system security (example: journal records).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Features common to both logical and physical data flow diagrams.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ideally, systems are developed by analyzing the current system (the current logical DFD) and then adding features that the new system should include (the proposed logical DFD). Finally, the best methods for implementing the new system should be developed (the physical DFD). This progression is shown in the figure illustrated below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.8.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[621]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"248\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.8-248x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.8-248x300.jpg 248w, https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.8.jpg 511w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 248px) 100vw, 248px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The progression of models from logical to physical<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Developing a logical data flow diagram for the current system affords a clear understanding of how the current system operates, and thus a good starting point for developing the logical model of the current system. This time-consuming step is often omitted so as to go straight to the proposed logical DFD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One argument in favor of taking the time to construct the logical data flow diagram of the current system is that it can be used to create the logical data flow diagram of the new system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Processes that will be unnecessary in the new system may be dropped, and new features, activities, output, input, and stored data may be added. This approach provides a means of ensuring that the essential features of the old system are retained in the new system. In addition, using the logical model for the current system as a basis for the proposed system provides for a gradual transition to the design of the new system. After the logical model for the new system has been developed, it may be used to create a physical data flow diagram for the new system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figure illustrated below shows a logical data flow diagram and a physical data flow diagram for a grocery store cashier. The CUSTOMER brings the ITEMS to the register; PRICES for all ITEMS are LOOKED UP and then totaled; next, PAYMENT is given to the cashier; finally, the CUSTOMER is given a RECEIPT. The logical data flow diagram illustrates the processes involved without going into detail about the physical implementation of activities. The physical data flow diagram shows that a bar code\u2014the universal product code (UPC) BAR CODE found on most grocery store items\u2014is used. In addition, the physical data flow diagram mentions manual processes such as scanning, explains that a temporary file is used to keep a subtotal of items, and indicates that the PAYMENT could be made by CASH, CHECK, or DEBIT CARD. Finally, it refers to the receipt by its name, CASH REGISTER RECEIPT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.1.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[621]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"121\" src=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.1-300x121.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.1-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.1-1024x415.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.1.jpg 1217w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.2.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[621]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"118\" src=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.2-300x118.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.2-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.2-1024x404.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/7.9.2.jpg 1257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The physical data flow diagram (below) shows certain details not found on the logical data flow diagram (above).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Developing Logical Data Flow Diagrams<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To develop such a diagram, first construct a logical data flow diagram for the current system. There are a number of advantages to using a logical model, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Better communication with users.<\/li><li>More stable systems.<\/li><li>Better understanding of the business by analysts.<\/li><li>Flexibility and maintenance.<\/li><li>Elimination of redundancies and easier creation of the physical model.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A logical model is easier to use when communicating with users of the system because it is centered on business activities. Users will thus be familiar with the essential activities and many of the human information requirements of each activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Systems formed using a logical data flow diagram are often more stable because they are based on business events and not on a particular technology or method of implementation. Logical data flow diagrams represent features of a system that would exist no matter what the physical means of doing business are. For example, activities such as applying for a video store membership card, checking out a DVD, and returning the DVD, would all occur whether the store had an automated, manual, or hybrid system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data flow diagrams are categorized as either logical or physical. A logical data flow diagram focuses on the business and how the business operates. It is not concerned with how the system will be constructed. Instead, it describes the business events that take place and the data required and produced by each event. Conversely, a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-using-data-flow-diagrams","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Logical and Physical Data Flow Diagrams<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Data flow diagrams are categorized as either logical or physical. A logical data flow diagram focuses on the business and how the business operates. It is not\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/logical-physical-data-flow-diagrams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Logical and Physical Data Flow Diagrams\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Data flow diagrams are categorized as either logical or physical. A logical data flow diagram focuses on the business and how the business operates. 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