{"id":395,"date":"2014-08-14T11:55:17","date_gmt":"2014-08-14T11:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/?p=395"},"modified":"2021-04-22T20:45:58","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T20:45:58","slug":"open-ended-closed-interview-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/open-ended-closed-interview-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Open-Ended and Closed Type Interview Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Open-ended Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Open-ended questions include those such as \u201cWhat do you think about putting all the managers on an intranet?\u201d \u201cPlease explain how you make a scheduling decision.\u201d \u201cIn what ways does the system extend your capability to do tasks that would not be possible otherwise?\u201d Consider the term open-ended. \u201cOpen\u201d actually describes the interviewee\u2019s options for responding. They are open. The response can be two words or two paragraphs. Some examples of open-ended questions are shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t18 {\r\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tborder-style: outset;\r\r\n    margin: 20px 0;\r\r\n\tline-height: 2.0em;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n    vertical-align: top;width: 100%;border-top: 1px solid #94DBFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;box-shadow: 0 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\r\r\n\t\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 thead tr {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 thead tr th.t18 {\r\r\n    color: #333333;\r\r\n\tbackground: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\r\r\n    font-size: 1em;\r\r\n    letter-spacing: 0;\r\r\n    line-height: 1.3;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.2em;\r\r\n    padding: 4px;\r\r\n    text-transform: none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t18 thead tr th#t18.start {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 thead tr th#t18.end {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 tbody tr {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F0FAFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 tbody tr.table-alternate {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FCFEFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 tbody tr td {\r\r\n    padding: 5px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n\tline-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tvertical-align: top;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 tbody tr td#n1 {\r\r\n\twidth: 100%;\r\r\n\t}\r\r\ntable#t18 tbody tr:hover td {\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t18 tfoot tr {\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t18 tfoot tr td {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\t\r\r\n\tpadding: 4px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n}\r\r\n<\/style><table id=\"t18\">\r\r\n\t\t<thead>\r\r\n\t\t\t<tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t18\" id=\"n1\">Open-Ended Interview Questions<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\r\n\t<tbody><tr class=\"table-alternate row1\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\"><ul>\r\n<li>What\u2019s your opinion of the current state of business-to-business \r\necommerce in your firm?<\/li>\r\n<li>What are the critical objectives of your department?<\/li>\r\n<li>Once the data are submitted via the Web site, how are they processed?<\/li>\r\n<li>Describe the monitoring process that is available online.<\/li>\r\n<li>What are some of the common data entry errors made in this department?<\/li>\r\n<li>What are the biggest frustrations you\u2019ve experienced during the transition \r\nto ecommerce?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Open-ended interview questions allow the respondent open options for responding. The examples were selected from different interviews and are not shown in any particular order.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The benefits of using open-ended questions are numerous and include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Putting the interviewee at ease.<\/li><li>Allowing the interviewer to pick up on the interviewee\u2019s vocabulary, which reflects his or her education, values, attitudes, and beliefs.<\/li><li>Providing richness of detail.<\/li><li>Revealing avenues of further questioning that may have gone untapped.<\/li><li>Making it more interesting for the interviewee.<\/li><li>Allowing more spontaneity.<\/li><li>Making phrasing easier for the interviewer.<\/li><li>Using them in a pinch if the interviewer is caught unprepared.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you can see, there are several advantages to using open-ended questions. There are, however, also many drawbacks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asking questions that may result in too much irrelevant detail.<\/li><li>Possibly losing control of the interview.<\/li><li>Allowing responses that may take too much time for the amount of useful information gained.<\/li><li>Potentially seeming that the interviewer is unprepared.<\/li><li>Possibly giving the impression that the interviewer is on a \u201cfishing expedition\u201d with no real objective for the interview.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You must carefully consider the implications of using open-ended questions for interviewing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Closed Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The alternative to open-ended questions is found in the other basic question type: closed questions. Such questions are of the basic form \u201cIs it easy to use the current system?\u201d and, \u201cHow many subordinates do you have?\u201d The possible responses are closed to the interviewee, because he or she can only reply with a finite number such as \u201cNone,\u201d \u201cOne,\u201d or \u201cFifteen.\u201d Some examples of closed questions are listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t19 {\r\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tborder-style: outset;\r\r\n    margin: 20px 0;\r\r\n\tline-height: 2.0em;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n    vertical-align: top;width: 100%;border-top: 1px solid #94DBFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;box-shadow: 0 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\r\r\n\t\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 thead tr {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 thead tr th.t19 {\r\r\n    color: #333333;\r\r\n\tbackground: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\r\r\n    font-size: 1em;\r\r\n    letter-spacing: 0;\r\r\n    line-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.3em;\r\r\n    padding: 4px;\r\r\n    text-transform: none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t19 thead tr th#t19.start {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 thead tr th#t19.end {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 tbody tr {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F0FAFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 tbody tr.table-alternate {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FCFEFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 tbody tr td {\r\r\n    padding: 5px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n\tline-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tvertical-align: top;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 tbody tr td#n1 {\r\r\n\twidth: 100%;\r\r\n\t}\r\r\ntable#t19 tbody tr:hover td {\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t19 tfoot tr {\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t19 tfoot tr td {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\t\r\r\n\tpadding: 4px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n}\r\r\n<\/style><table id=\"t19\">\r\r\n\t\t<thead>\r\r\n\t\t\t<tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t19\" id=\"n1\">Closed Interview Questions<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\r\n\t<tbody><tr class=\"table-alternate row1\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\"><ul>\r\n<li>How many times a week is the project repository updated?<\/li>\r\n<li>On average, how many calls does the call center receive monthly?<\/li>\r\n<li>Which of the following sources of information is most valuable to you?\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Completed customer complaint forms<\/li>\r\n<li>Email complaints from consumers who visit the Web site<\/li>\r\n<li>Face-to-face interaction with customers<\/li>\r\n<li>Returned merchandise<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>List your top two priorities for improving the technology infrastructure.<\/li>\r\n<li>Who receives this input?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Closed interview questions limit the respondent\u2019s options. The examples were selected from different interviews and are not shown in any particular order.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A closed question limits the response available to the interviewee. You may be familiar with closed questions through multiple-choice exams in college. You are given a question and five responses, but you are not allowed to write down your own response and still be counted as having correctly answered the question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A special kind of closed question is the bipolar question. This type of question limits the interviewee even further by only allowing a choice on either pole, such as yes or no, true or false, agree or disagree. Examples of bipolar questions are listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t20 {\r\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tborder-style: outset;\r\r\n    margin: 20px 0;\r\r\n\tline-height: 2.0em;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n    vertical-align: top;width: 100%;border-top: 1px solid #94DBFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;box-shadow: 0 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\r\r\n\t\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 thead tr {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 thead tr th.t20 {\r\r\n    color: #333333;\r\r\n\tbackground: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\r\r\n    font-size: 1em;\r\r\n    letter-spacing: 0;\r\r\n    line-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.3em;\r\r\n    padding: 4px;\r\r\n    text-transform: none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t20 thead tr th#t20.start {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 thead tr th#t20.end {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 tbody tr {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F0FAFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 tbody tr.table-alternate {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FCFEFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 tbody tr td {\r\r\n    padding: 5px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n\tline-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tvertical-align: top;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 tbody tr td#n1 {\r\r\n\twidth: 100%;\r\r\n\t}\r\r\ntable#t20 tbody tr:hover td {\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t20 tfoot tr {\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t20 tfoot tr td {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\t\r\r\n\tpadding: 4px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n}\r\r\n<\/style><table id=\"t20\">\r\r\n\t\t<thead>\r\r\n\t\t\t<tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t20\" id=\"n1\">Bipolar Interview Questions<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\r\n\t<tbody><tr class=\"table-alternate row1\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\"><ul>\r\n<li>Do you use the Web to provide information to vendors?<\/li>\r\n<li>Do you agree or disagree that ecommerce on the Web lacks security?<\/li>\r\n<li>Do you want to receive a printout of your account status every month?<\/li>\r\n<li>Does your Web site maintain a FAQ page for employees with payroll \r\nquestions?<\/li>\r\n<li>Is this form complete?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Bipolar interview questions are a special kind of closed question. The examples were selected from different interviews and are not shown in any particular order.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The benefits of using closed questions of either type include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Saving time.<\/li><li>Easily comparing interviews.<\/li><li>Getting to the point.<\/li><li>Keeping control over the interview.<\/li><li>Covering lots of ground quickly.<\/li><li>Getting to relevant data.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The drawbacks of using closed questions are substantial, however. They include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Being boring for the interviewee.<\/li><li>Failing to obtain rich detail (because the interviewer supplies the frame of reference for the interviewee).<\/li><li>Missing main ideas for the preceding reason.<\/li><li>Failing to build rapport between interviewer and interviewee.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, as the interviewer, you must think carefully about the question types you will use. Both open-ended and closed questions have advantages and drawbacks, as shown in the figure below. Notice that choosing one question type over the other actually involves a trade-off; although an open-ended question affords breadth and depth of reply, responses to open-ended questions are difficult to analyze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/4.5.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[395]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" src=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/4.5-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/4.5-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/4.5.jpg 761w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Attributes of open-ended and closed questions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A third type of question is the probe or follow-up. The strongest probe is the simplest: the question, \u201cWhy?\u201d Other probes are \u201cCan you give me an example of a time you did not find the system trustworthy?\u201d and \u201cWill you elaborate on that for me?\u201d Some examples of probing questions are listed below. The purpose of the probe is to go beyond the initial answer to get more meaning, to clarify, and to draw out and expand on the interviewee\u2019s point. Probes may be either open-ended or closed questions.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t21 {\r\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tborder-style: outset;\r\r\n    margin: 20px 0;\r\r\n\tline-height: 2.0em;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n    vertical-align: top;width: 100%;border-top: 1px solid #94DBFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;box-shadow: 0 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\r\r\n\t\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 thead tr {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 thead tr th.t21 {\r\r\n    color: #333333;\r\r\n\tbackground: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\r\r\n    font-size: 1em;\r\r\n    letter-spacing: 0;\r\r\n    line-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.3em;\r\r\n    padding: 4px;\r\r\n    text-transform: none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t21 thead tr th#t21.start {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 thead tr th#t21.end {\r\r\n\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 tbody tr {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F0FAFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 tbody tr.table-alternate {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FCFEFF;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 tbody tr td {\r\r\n    padding: 5px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;border-bottom: 1px solid #94DBFF;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n\tline-height: 1.2;\r\r\n\tvertical-align: top;\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 tbody tr td#n1 {\r\r\n\twidth: 100%;\r\r\n\t}\r\r\ntable#t21 tbody tr:hover td {\r\r\n}\r\r\ntable#t21 tfoot tr {\r\r\n}\r\r\n\r\r\ntable#t21 tfoot tr td {\r\r\n    background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #D1F0FF;\t\r\r\n\tpadding: 4px;\r\r\n\tborder-width: 0px;\r\r\n\tfont-size: 1.0em;\r\r\n\tborder-top: medium none;\r\r\n    text-align: left;\r\r\n}\r\r\n<\/style><table id=\"t21\">\r\r\n\t\t<thead>\r\r\n\t\t\t<tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"t21\" id=\"n1\">Probes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\r\n\t<tbody><tr class=\"table-alternate row1\"> <td id=\"n1\" class=\"start\"><ul>\r\n<li>Why?<\/li>\r\n<li> Give an example of how ecommerce has been integrated into your \r\nbusiness processes.<\/li>\r\n<li>Please give an illustration of the security problems you are experiencing \r\nwith your online bill payment system.<\/li>\r\n<li>You mentioned both an intranet and an extranet solution. Please give an \r\nexample of how you think each differs.<\/li>\r\n<li>What makes you feel that way?<\/li>\r\n<li>Tell me step by step what happens after a customer clicks the \u201cSubmit\u201d \r\nbutton on the Web registration form.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Probes allow the systems analyst to follow up on questions to get more detailed responses. The examples were selected from different interviews and are not shown in any particular order.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is essential to probe. Most beginning interviewers are reticent about probing and consequently accept superficial answers. They are usually grateful that employees have granted interviews and feel somewhat obligated to accept unqualified statements politely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/interviewing\/\">Interviewing in Information Gathering<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/five-steps-interview-preparation\/\">Five Steps in Interview Preparation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/open-ended-closed-interview-questions\/\">Open-Ended and Closed Type Interview Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/arranging-interview-questions-logical-sequence\/\">Arranging Interview Questions in a Logical Sequence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/joint-application-design\/\">Joint Application Design (JAD) in Information Gathering<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/using-questionnaires-information-gathering\/\">Using Questionnaires in Information Gathering<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/writing-questions-questionnaires\/\">Writing Questions for Questionnaires<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/using-scales-questionnaires\/\">Using Scales in Questionnaires<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/systemsanalysis\/designing-questionnaires\/\">Designing and Administering the Questionnaires<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Open-ended Questions Open-ended questions include those such as \u201cWhat do you think about putting all the managers on an intranet?\u201d \u201cPlease explain how you make a scheduling decision.\u201d \u201cIn what ways does the system extend your capability to do tasks that would not be possible otherwise?\u201d Consider the term open-ended. \u201cOpen\u201d actually describes the interviewee\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-information-gathering-interactive-methods","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Open-Ended and Closed Type Interview Questions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Open-ended questions include those such as 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