{"id":172,"date":"2023-04-04T23:42:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T23:42:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/articles\/?p=172"},"modified":"2023-08-23T16:22:32","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T16:22:32","slug":"java-flight-recorder-advanced-profiling-diagnostics-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/articles\/java-flight-recorder-advanced-profiling-diagnostics-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"Java Flight Recorder: Advanced Profiling &#038; Diagnostics Techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Java Flight Recorder (JFR) is a high-performance data collection framework that allows developers to monitor and diagnose Java applications with minimal overhead. It is an indispensable tool for developers looking to gather insights into the inner workings of their applications and optimize them for peak performance. This article explores advanced profiling and diagnostics techniques using Java Flight Recorder and offers practical tips for experienced developers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Understanding Java Flight Recorder (JFR)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Java Flight Recorder, a feature in the JDK since version 11, is a powerful tool for collecting runtime information from a Java application. It is designed to have a low impact on application performance, making it ideal for use in production environments. JFR works by collecting data in circular buffers and writing it to disk when the buffers are full or when the recording is stopped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Enabling Java Flight Recorder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To enable JFR, you must first ensure that you are using a JDK version that supports it (JDK 11 or later). Then, start your application with the following JVM arguments:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">-XX:StartFlightRecording=&lt;options&gt;\n-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions\n-XX:+DebugNonSafepoints<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Replace <code><strong>&lt;options&gt;<\/strong><\/code> with your desired JFR options, such as <strong><code>filename<\/code><\/strong>, <code><strong>duration<\/strong><\/code>, and <code><strong>settings<\/strong><\/code>. For example, the following command starts a recording that will last 60 minutes and save the data to a file called <strong><code>my_recording.jfr<\/code><\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">-XX:StartFlightRecording=filename=my_recording.jfr,duration=<span class=\"hljs-number\">60<\/span>m<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Advanced Profiling Techniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. Custom JFR Events<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While JFR provides a rich set of built-in events for monitoring JVM performance, you can also create custom events to track application-specific data. To create a custom event, extend the <code><strong>jdk.jfr.Event<\/strong><\/code> class and add fields to represent the data you want to record. Then, instantiate the event, set its fields, and call the <code><strong>commit()<\/strong><\/code> method to record the event.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> jdk.jfr.Event;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> jdk.jfr.Label;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@Label<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"My Custom Event\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">MyCustomEvent<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Event<\/span> <\/span>{\n    <span class=\"hljs-meta\">@Label<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Custom Value\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> customValue;\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">setCustomValue<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> value)<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">this<\/span>.customValue = value;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. Thread Profiling<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JFR can help you identify performance bottlenecks by profiling the threads in your application. The <code><strong>jdk.ThreadCPULoad<\/strong><\/code> event provides information about CPU usage per thread. Use the <strong><code>jdk.ThreadPark<\/code><\/strong> and <code><strong>jdk.ThreadSleep<\/strong><\/code> events to analyze thread wait times and identify contention points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. Garbage Collection Analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JFR provides in-depth information about garbage collection (GC) activity in your application. Use the <strong><code>jdk.GarbageCollection<\/code><\/strong> event to analyze GC duration and frequency, and the <strong><code>jdk.ObjectCount<\/code><\/strong> event to track object allocation rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Advanced Diagnostics Techniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1. Identifying Memory Leaks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use JFR&#8217;s heap profiling events, such as <strong><code>jdk.ObjectCount<\/code><\/strong> and <strong><code>jdk.ObjectAllocationInNewTLAB<\/code><\/strong>, to track object allocation and identify potential memory leaks. By analyzing heap data, you can pinpoint the objects causing memory leaks and devise strategies to address them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. Analyzing JIT Compilation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JFR&#8217;s JIT compilation events, such as <strong><code>jdk.Compilation<\/code><\/strong>, can help you identify code hotspots and understand how the Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler is optimizing your application. This information can be useful for making informed decisions about code optimizations and tuning JIT compilation settings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3. Monitoring File I\/O and Socket Operations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JFR offers events to monitor file I\/O and socket operations, such as <strong><code>jdk.FileRead<\/code><\/strong>, <strong><code>jdk.FileWrite<\/code><\/strong>, <code><strong>jdk.SocketRead<\/strong><\/code>, and <strong><code>jdk.SocketWrite<\/code><\/strong>. Analyzing these events can help you identify bottlenecks related to disk access or network communication, and optimize your application&#8217;s I\/O performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4. Tracking Class Loading and Unloading<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By examining the <strong><code>jdk.ClassLoad<\/code><\/strong> and <code><strong>jdk.ClassUnload<\/strong><\/code> events, you can gain insights into class loading and unloading behavior in your application. This information can help you identify class loading issues, optimize class loader performance, and detect class loader leaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Analyzing JFR Data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After collecting JFR data, you can use various tools to analyze the results. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. JDK Mission Control (JMC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JDK Mission Control is the official tool for analyzing JFR data. It offers a powerful and intuitive user interface for exploring JFR recordings and provides advanced visualizations and analysis features. With JMC, you can easily identify performance bottlenecks, memory leaks, and other issues in your application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. Command-Line Interface (jfr)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><code>jfr<\/code><\/strong> command-line tool, available in JDK 12 and later, allows you to analyze JFR data from the command line. This can be useful for automated analysis or integration with continuous integration pipelines. Use the <strong><code>jfr<\/code><\/strong> tool to print summaries, filter events, or extract specific information from JFR recordings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3. Third-Party Tools and Libraries<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several third-party tools and libraries support JFR data analysis, such as VisualVM and the JFR Streaming API. These tools can help you analyze JFR data in different ways or integrate JFR analysis into custom applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise: Analyzing an Application with Java Flight Recorder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objective: In this exercise, you will create a sample Java application that simulates an e-commerce checkout process, and then use Java Flight Recorder to analyze its performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Create the sample Java application<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1. Define the <strong><code>Product<\/code><\/strong> class to represent an e-commerce product:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Product<\/span> <\/span>{\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> String name;\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price;\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Product<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(String name, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price)<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">this<\/span>.name = name;\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">this<\/span>.price = price;\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> String <span class=\"hljs-title\">getName<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> name;\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">getPrice<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> price;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2. Define the <strong><code>CheckoutEvent<\/code><\/strong> class, a custom JFR event that records the details of a checkout:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> jdk.jfr.Event;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> jdk.jfr.Label;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-meta\">@Label<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Checkout Event\"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">CheckoutEvent<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Event<\/span> <\/span>{\n    <span class=\"hljs-meta\">@Label<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Total Amount\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> totalAmount;\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">setTotalAmount<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> totalAmount)<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">this<\/span>.totalAmount = totalAmount;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3. Create the <strong><code>ECommerceApp<\/code><\/strong> class, which simulates the e-commerce checkout process:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.util.List;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.util.Random;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">ECommerceApp<\/span> <\/span>{\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">static<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">final<\/span> List&lt;Product&gt; PRODUCTS = List.of(\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> Product(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Product A\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20.0<\/span>),\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> Product(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Product B\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">30.0<\/span>),\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> Product(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Product C\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">40.0<\/span>),\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> Product(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Product D\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">50.0<\/span>)\n    );\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">static<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">main<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(String&#91;] args)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> InterruptedException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">while<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">true<\/span>) {\n            simulateCheckout();\n            Thread.sleep(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000<\/span>);\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">static<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">simulateCheckout<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <\/span>{\n        Random random = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> Random();\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> numberOfItems = random.nextInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>) + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> totalAmount = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>;\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> i = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>; i &lt; numberOfItems; i++) {\n            Product product = PRODUCTS.get(random.nextInt(PRODUCTS.size()));\n            totalAmount += product.getPrice();\n        }\n\n        CheckoutEvent checkoutEvent = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> CheckoutEvent();\n        checkoutEvent.setTotalAmount(totalAmount);\n        checkoutEvent.commit();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Run the application with Java Flight Recorder enabled<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1. Compile and run the application with JFR enabled:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">javac Product.java CheckoutEvent.java ECommerceApp.java\njava -XX:StartFlightRecording=filename=ecommerce.jfr,duration=<span class=\"hljs-number\">60<\/span>s -cp . ECommerceApp<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This command starts a 60-second JFR recording, saving the data to a file named <strong><code>ecommerce.jfr<\/code><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Analyze the JFR data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1. Use JDK Mission Control to open the <strong><code>ecommerce.jfr<\/code><\/strong> file and analyze the custom <code><strong>Checkout Event<\/strong><\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2. Examine the <strong><code>Total Amount<\/code><\/strong> field of the custom events to understand the distribution of checkout amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.3. Analyze other JFR events, such as <code><strong>jdk.ThreadCPULoad<\/strong><\/code>, <code><strong>jdk.GarbageCollection<\/strong><\/code>, and <code><strong>jdk.ObjectCount<\/strong><\/code>, to gain insights into the application&#8217;s performance, garbage collection, and memory usage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this exercise, you created a sample Java application that simulates an e-commerce checkout process and used Java Flight Recorder to analyze its performance. By implementing custom JFR events and analyzing built-in events, you can gain valuable insights into your application&#8217;s performance and behavior, helping you optimize the application and deliver a better experience for end-users.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Java Flight Recorder (JFR) is a high-performance data collection framework that allows developers to monitor and diagnose Java applications with minimal overhead. It is an indispensable tool for developers looking to gather insights into the inner workings of their applications and optimize them for peak performance. This article explores advanced profiling and diagnostics techniques using [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-java","category-programming-languages","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Java Flight Recorder: Advanced Profiling &amp; Diagnostics Techniques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Java Flight Recorder (JFR) is a high-performance data collection framework that allows developers to monitor and diagnose Java applications\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3computing.com\/articles\/java-flight-recorder-advanced-profiling-diagnostics-techniques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Java Flight Recorder: Advanced Profiling &amp; 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